2.5MVA Transformers, CBN, Minna

An electrical transformer uses Faraday’s electromagnetic induction law to work – “Rate of change of flux linkage with respect to time is directly proportional to the induced EMF in a conductor or coil”. A transformer’s physical basis lies in the mutual induction between two circuits that are linked by a common magnetic flux. It is usually equipped with 2 windings: primary and secondary. These windings share a magnetic core that is laminated, and the mutual induction that takes place between these circuits helps transfer electricity from one point to another.

An electrical transformer does not employ any moving parts to transfer energy which means that there is no friction and hence no windage losses. However, electric transformers do suffer from negligible copper and iron losses. Copper losses occur due to heat loss during the circulation of currents around the copper windings, resulting in loss of electrical power. This is the greatest loss in the operation of an electrical transformer. Iron losses are caused by the lagging of the magnetic molecules that lie within the core. This lagging happens in response to the alternating of the magnetic flux which results in friction and this friction produces heat which leads of loss of power in the core. This loss can be greatly reduced if the core is constructed from special steel alloys.